Very fine, dry powdered tempera paint, pudding, powdered drink mix, cocoa, or colored sand.Fine white powder, such as sand or flour or white sugar.One large tub or box per group such as a dish pan, pizza box, aluminum pan, or copy paper box lid (larger pans allow children to drop more marbles before having to resmooth or resurface).Pictures of craters on the Moon or Mars (or both).Models help us test different variables and understand complex phenomena.Impact craters on Earth older than about 200,000 years are worn by weathering, erosion, and plate tectonics.
Impact craters provide insights into the age and geology of a planet's surface.A crater's size and features depend on the mass and velocity of the impactor.Impact craters are caused when an impactor collides with a planet.Finally, children compare the patterns in their testing with the patterns of craters on the Moon to see if their modeling experience gives them additional insights into crater formation. Children measure crater sizes and draw ejecta patterns to see what effect size, weight, and velocity have on the resulting craters. They examine the effects of each impact and the features that each impact creates. They do this by dropping balls of different sizes and weights from three heights into a tray with layers of different colored powders.
Next, they model the formation of an impact crater. Children examine images of Moon craters and speculate about what caused them.
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